What has been submitted so far has been on the mark and comments have been constructive. I hope that you are reading what your peers have provided to you from their POV on your writing. Please keep in mind that these are formal pieces and should be constructed as such. Avoid the vernacular, short hand, and colloquialisms of common speech. I will include a brief mark-scheme for the Revolutions of 1848 prompt with the next posting.
As before I will be looking at general production with an eye towards glaring problems. If there are specific attentions and feed back you would like from me, let me know and I will do that under separate cover. You should provide your original response to the prompt and then reply constructively to at least one other posting. You have two pieces of writing to submit.
Here is the next paper 3 prompt and something to perhaps help you begin thinking about the next in class DBQ.
Compare and contrast the impact of nationalism on any two European countries in the nineteenth century?
Please remember this is to be the introductory paragraph to a larger FRQ. So you should be setting up the argument you want to make in the longer process.
When analyzing the impact of nationalism in Europe during the nineteenth century, positive and negative results are shown. With Germany, a positive effect is noted. In the earlier parts of the century, Germany was composed of many small states with no real unification, but made up the German Confederation. After the Congress of Vienna this area was broken down into 38 states, and Prussia and Austria had portions as well. During the first half of the century, transportation was made easier by the increase in development of railroads. This helped increase unity in Germany for reasons other than language. The Brothers Grimm’s collection of folktale united the region by showing parallels between stories. All of this pushed Germany toward the Revolution of 1848 where they tried for unification between the regions. The desire for unification led to the formal unification of Germany on January 18, 1871. However, the nationalism that occurred in Europe had a negative affect for Prussia. After the Congress of Vienna, a large portion of their land was in the German Confederation. As the Germans grew in Risorgimento Nationalism, Prussia was losing control. When the German states united and revolted, they successfully unified shrinking Prussia substantially. The rise in nationalism benefited the suppressed nations, and hurt the suppressor nations.
ReplyDeleteI liked your paragraph and I thought you had a good amount of facts in it. However, make sure you clearly state which two countries you are analyzing because I had trouble figuring that out.
DeleteYou had really great information regarding Germany. It seems like your second country may have been Prussia. If it was, you should have gone into more detail because even though you included a little bit about it, the information lacked the detail that was given to Germany, so this seemed more focused on Germany than Germany AND Prussia.
DeleteA sense of nationalism among a group of people can be a very powerful thing. This was certainly the case in both Italian and German unification in the nineteenth century. Although the territories were divided, both groups of people were bound together by a strong sense of unity through culture. This included language especially in both countries because a group of people can function very effectively and collectively when they are able to communicate with each other. In Germany, the transition into a seamless territory, came naturally with the same ways of living and the same language across the land mass. This same process of unity was followed by Italy. The feelings of nationalism in the countries can be attributed to people connecting with people of similar cultures and lifestyles. This nationalism can then be applied, as in these cases, to unifying the people and being able to accomplish things as a defined group.
ReplyDeleteGood job using two similar countries to show how language unites. Was similar language the only factor in the unification of these countries though? You might want to give another specific thing that united them.
DeleteI agree with Gina and the assertion that language was a strong unification force. I would even take it a step further and say that a similar culture was prevalent in both as well as the proximity to France and their movement.
DeleteYou bring up valid points about each unification and you elaborate on the language well which helps your argument. Maybe just add some more supporting factors to make it stronger.
DeleteThis seems to be a good start, but I think that had you used a point that expressed differences as well as similarities, versus just arguing similarities, your argument would have been much stronger than simply arguing that common values brought them together. It would also make it easier for you to expand this, had we been assigned to write an essay.
DeleteI agree with Jibin in the fact that, had this been and essay, you may not have anywhere to go with it because the argument was so one sided. TOK moment: examining facts that may refute your argument may have provided a more well-rounded viewpoint. That being said, it was very well written and the facts you did provide were solid; it was very easy to buy your argument as well as easy to follow.
DeleteNationalism affected the countries of Europe differently for each country, though it yielded a similar effect for the countries that became Italy and Germany. Germany was formed as the German empire by Prussia's nationalist desire to form a nation only containing states that had German language and culture. This Nationalism caused wars with both Austria and France, allowing Prussia to unite as the German empire without Austria, which contained non-German states such as Hungary. In Italy, nationalism yielded a similar effect by leading to the unification of the Italian states. Italy was divided, and became united through a series of wars and a common desire for the new regime to form a united Italy. In both cases, nationalism served to unite separate states of people with the same language and culture, despite the wishes of the current in-power regimes that had no nationalist desire, but just wanted to maintain their power.
ReplyDeleteYou compare the similarities, but do not discuss any differences. Your argument would be strengthened if you mentioned the Kleindeustche and the Grossdeustche, as this could also provide a contrast for the arguments.
DeleteI thought that you had very good points and drew interesting connections between Italian and German unification. I was a little bit confused about the relevance of war to the unification of the the countries. Maybe you could expand on that a little bit.
DeleteNationalism greatly impacted Italy and Germany during the 19th century. This is largely due the result of the Congress of Vienna which broke up parts of Italy and Germany and gave them to countries like Austria. From this Risorgimento Nationalism was able to spread among both the German and Italian speaking people. Both Italy and Germany achieved their goal of unification through strong leadership and a common goal of a single German or Italian speaking country. However, both countries have some issues uniting certain people into one state for the sake of nationalism; for the Germans it was uniting the Catholics and Protestants while for the Italians it was uniting North and South. The Italians struggled with maintaining a strong sense of nationalism and keeping their unified country together because of a weak government, opposition from the Roman Catholic Church, and a bad economy. While the Germans, under Bismarck as chancellor, did not face these issues because of his strong control over German society and ability to maintain nationalism among the German people.
ReplyDeleteYou used historical theories, people, and events very well in order to enhance your arguments. It was very well organized, and Germany and Italy were good choices for this prompt. I think you should emphasize the role of nationalism a little more.
DeleteNice, Detailed answer. Also remember the conflicts between Prussia and Austria, and how the Form of Nationalism between these two countries was different, leading to wars that led to the formation of the German empire. But other than that, good job!
DeleteYou made your comparisons and contrasts very clear; it was straightforward and easy for me to follow. This could easily serve as the basis for an FRQ.
DeleteThe effects of nationalism were prevalent throughout the 18th century. Everywhere, revolutions erupted due to these very nationalistic sentiments. Yet nationalism was more than an catalyst for revolutions. In England, nationalism was a driving force behind many of their influential legislation, such as the Factory Act and the Cereal Laws. It created a sort of reform nationalism feel, in which labor laws were created, and an archaic way of thinking was removed. Alternatively, in countries such as Germany, the nationalist revival created a Risorgimeinto environment, in which the desire for a homeland was created. While both countries experienced a unification of some sort, the differences in their nationalist ideals shaped their country's future for the coming world war.
ReplyDeleteReally cool idea but I was wondering how this nationalist sentiment was evident in social and itellectual aspects?
DeleteI like how the two countries you bring up were affected in very different ways by nationalism and you explain that well. It would be better though if more was included on how nationalism affected both countries in the same way with a specific example.
DeleteI liked your thesis, but I think to improve it on a purely superficial level some of your language could be more precise. For example "It create a sort of reform nationalism feel" could be worded in a more direct, formal way.
DeleteAlso, as the prompt asks us to address the effects of nationalism on two countries, it might be good to examine German unification as an effect of nationalism more throughly; explore why liberal legislation like the Factory Act and Cereal Laws shows a revival of patriotic spirit for Britain as a nation; and why removing an archaic way of thinking was also an effect of this.
Nationalism was an extremely important factor in nineteenth century Italy because the Congress of Vienna left it very broken up. Because of this, many regions within Italy established their own regional nationalist forces. This regional nationalism made it harder for Italy to unify and come together as a nation after the Congress of Vienna left it broken. However, the people of Italy had to overcome these issues and band together in Risorgimento nationalism given that the different regions would rather be unified as a greater Italy, than be broken into regional groups, having been given to other countries. This Risorgimento nationalism impacted Italy in the nineteenth century because it gave them the motivation to fight forward with Italian unification, an ultimately effective move.
ReplyDeleteNationalism was also a vital piece of Germany in the nineteenth century. After Napoleon defeated and took over many parts of Europe, many people in Germany began to believe much more in liberal nationalism. German citizens began to think it would be much more beneficial to be united as a nation-state based on liberal democracy and popular sovereignty. This movement was enforced by literary and other artistic figures such as Fichte, who wrote and depicted much of German culture and tradition in an effort to help German citizens gain a national identity. Without liberal nationalism, Germany may never have put liberal democracy into place, a move which shaped Germany tremendously. It also would have affected their unification around a national identity and their personal feelings of German pride, which weren't as significant to nineteenth century Germany in a political sense, but were hugely effective through a social lens.
You have really good ideas!! However, I think it would have been better if you were to connect them more between the two countries to compare and contrast rather than just summarize. But other than that it looks good!
DeleteYou have good ideas! I think that to make this better, though, you could have connected the ideas between the two countries to compare and contrast rather than just summarize. But other than that it looks good!
DeleteFor both the countries of Italy and Germany, nationalism was the force that ultimately lead to their unifications in the nineteenth century. After the Congress of Vienna, Italy and Germany were divided into a series of kingdoms. People within these kingdoms shared a common language, culture and historical background. This could be considered a form of cultural nationalism in the perspective of Miroslav Hroch, or even Risorgimento nationalism in the perspective of Peter Alter. Due to the large number of kingdoms, many internal conflicts began to weaken the overall nationalism of the countries. The nationalistic leaders of Italy (Cavour, Garibaldi, and Mazzini) and Germany (Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck) would unite the kingdoms and find one ruler for each new country. In Italy, this was Victor Emmanuel II and in Germany this was Kaiser Wilhelm. Nationalism also helped both Italy and Germany’s people rebel against Napoleon Bonaparte. Both countries fought for unification until 1848. How the influence of nationalism differed in Italy and Germany are the specific tactics used by the nationalistic leaders to unify the populations. In Italy, Mazzini created the secret society “Young Italy” to help unify the country. Garibaldi conquered the Italians against unification with the “Red Shirts”. Lastly, Germany’s Otto von Bismarck used realpolitik and used industrialization and militarization to help unite the country.
ReplyDeleteNationalism can compare and contrast in Germany and Italy in the nineteenth century. After the Congress of Vienna, both countries were divided into many small states. However, both countries used nationalism to unify their countries again. The unifications also mainly took place during the Revolutions of 1848, powered by the common goal of the states becoming one country. Risorgimento nationalism was this main driving force; it was the idea that the many states created by the Congress of Vienna would unite to become one German or Italian speaking country. Unification was achieved because of nationalism. Both countries faced different difficulties, though. In Germany, there was a struggle to unite Catholics and Protestants, while in Italy, there was a struggle to unite the North and the South. Despite these difficulties, the countries were united because of Nationalism's influences.
DeleteI like your use of specific examples to support your arguments, especially the specific types of nationalism and the strategies of the unification leaders. However, your last argument about specific tactics could be developed more by explaining exactly why these tactic were different, instead of just naming them.
DeleteHow specifically did nationalism unite the ideas within these countries and transition them into a different way of thinking? was thier thoughts around their country completely different after nationalism took hold?
DeleteIn Germany nationalism became a very popular concept during the 19th century. German nationalism was traditional and not very liberal or progressive. Romantic Nationalim was the most popular form in Germany. The common language and political beliefs of the emerging German nation helped to unite the country and form nationalistic feelings. It Italy there was feeling of seperation and discontent after the nation had been broken apart into many small under functioning states. However modern nationalist thinkers such as Giribaldi helped to unite the nation by giving them a common goal and sense of unity even though they were heavily divided
ReplyDeleteI think you did a pretty good job of comparing the two countries and their revolutions. I think your arguments might be a bit stronger if you included more specifics in your answer. For example, what was a political belief of the German people that helped unite them?
DeleteI agree that romantic nationalism was popular in Germany however I think that this was also prevalent in the Italian Unification movement as most of the area shared a similar culture.
DeleteI like this, its clear and to the point. I noticed that both of your countries demonstrate very positive results from nationalism. In what circumstances can nationalism result in negative outcomes, such as isolation and division between individual countries?
DeleteI think you have a really good idea of the nationalism in Italy and Germany, but how did this type of nationalism effect the countries? Try to expand your paragraph to include not only the types of nationalism, but also the long term effect of nationalism, such as how nationalism allowed the countries to unify.
DeleteI think you have a really good idea of the nationalism in Italy and Germany, but how did this type of nationalism effect the countries? Try to expand your paragraph to include not only the types of nationalism, but also the long term effect of nationalism, such as how nationalism allowed the countries to unify.
DeleteThese are very good difference between the two. I like how you brought in some details like Romantic Nationalism and Giribaldi. But you could compare the two a little more by mentioning a few similarities.
DeleteI agree with your statement about the support of nationalism being prevalent in German culture though I believe that it was equally important to the Italian's throughout their nationalizing process.
DeleteThe strong effect of nationalism can be best seen in the countries of Italy and Germany in their separate yet powerful fights for unification. (Risorgimento Nationalism) The goal of unification was due to the fact that both of these countries were separated with many various "chunks" being given to other European countries such as Austria. The common goal of the people was to regain what was rightfully theirs and they believed so strongly in achieving this common goal. Through various revolts,wars and other forms of actions, both of these countries ended their divisions and achieved their goal of unification through their strong sense of nationalism. Their strong loyalty and determination allowed for their unifications of their own single countries to occur.
ReplyDeleteYour answer was very well put, but you should mention more difference between the two countries. You could do this by dicussing nationalism after unification a little.
DeleteScarlett, I think you have a really good foundation here, if you had to write a full paper from this topic! Maybe, if you were to actually write a paper, you could talk about what techniques Germany and Italy were using to maintain a sense of unity, and if it worked. Also, another idea you could elaborate on could be how other nations reacted (if at all) to the nationalistic thoughts coming from these two countries. Overall, I think this is a very strong thesis that you could use to write a paper, if needed, about this topic.
DeleteYou emphasized the effects of nationalism on Germany and Italy in a very well written paragraph. Good job! To make it better you could outline which revolts worked for the people and which didn't.
DeleteIn the nineteenth century, nationalism was a prevalent and dynamic force that shaped events throughout Europe. It played a significant role in both Italy and Germany. Both countries were divided by the Congress of Vienna in 1814, which placed Germany under the control of foreign powers in a German Confederation. The German people desired to unite and form a single, independent state. Spurred on by the other revolutions in 1848, the German liberal nationalists instigated their own revolution against absolutist rule with the goal of creating a democratic and representative state. Unfortunately, they were ultimately unsuccessful. In Italy, nationalist parties led by Giuseppe Mazzini also sought to unify a divided Italy into an independent nation, and he promoted a type of nationalism, called Risorgimento nationalism, among Italian citizens. Mazzini and his followers actually achieved their goal of unifying Italy, although it was soon dissolved again because of war, international political tension, and economic problems.
ReplyDeleteLucas, I really like the directions that this introduction is promising to take with bringing up different types of nationalism and the factors that led to revolutions' successes or failures. I would love to read the other directions that you take with your ideas.
DeleteI like your use of specific details when talking about both different countries and their nationalism during the century. You may consider making your thesis more clear in the paragraph. I have trouble finding your specific arguement for comparing and contrasting the two countries. Overall strong paragraph though.
DeleteYour set-up is really well done. The language you used and your ideas all are very well put together and it was really easy to follow and to understand your point.
DeleteI agree with what you were saying definitely and I think that you constructed the paragraph really well when it came to transitions and phrasing.
DeleteDuring the 19th century was a driving force in both Germany and Italy. What really sent unification into motion in Italy was the convening of the Congress of Vienna after the Napoleonic wars. Distribution of land was vehemently debated while uniting Italy for achieving its desired land distribution. However the masses did not get fully involved until the second half of the 19th century when secret societies and people started to unite on different issues. However German nationalism and unification was constantly fueled by the masses. German citizens started to unite and identify themselves with certain groups such as "the working men of Germany". Men such as Otto Von Bismarck worked to unity Germany. Works such as the communist manifesto were a factor in all nationalism in the 19th century.
ReplyDeleteI think that you did a good job making comparisons between the two country's however i think you could have elaborated on their motives a little but more.
DeleteOverall, I think choosing Italy and Germany is a good idea and can make a strong paper. I would suggest tying in the idea of nationalism more, especially in the first part of your response when talking about Italy. Maybe make it a little clearer how exactly nationalism impacted the two countries. How was that impact similar for Germany and Italy, and how was it different? Additionally, I think creating a strong thesis at the end of your response would improve the overall clarity and help organization. Lastly, try to make your points easily understandable and try to avoid casual word choice. The first few sentences were a little confusing. Overall, I think this would be a good intro paragraph for a strong paper!
DeleteThis is a good intro, but it is a bit vague. Perhaps go into a little more detail. For example, you mention Otto von Bismarck, but you leave it at that. You bring up the Communist Manifesto, but you didn't make an argument for it, which might prove difficult if your argument isn't somewhat more developed. But the good thing is you do have all the basic things, making it easy for you to pick up the ball and run with it. The only problem would be that you would be uncertain of how you'd expect to stay focused.
DeleteYou understand the causes of the nationalism in both Italy and Germany really well I think. And I think that you have very strong and specific examples of each of the countries individually. You should try to relate the two countries and look at the impact that the nationalistic movements had on these countries to improve the post. But I think that you really depicted the causes of nationalism really well and you had strong examples.
DeleteNationalism as a movement heavily affected Italy and Germany. For both of them the movement brought many different territories with similar sociocultural characteristics into one formal country. In Germany the Risorgimento movement created a want for an official homeland for all Germanic people. This happened despite the territories of Germany being dispersed heavily by the Congress of Vienna. A different between the nationalism movement in Italy and Germany was that in Italy utilized culture and societal wants to unify the country and Germany took an economic approach where they used a rise in production to unite the people as workers.
ReplyDeleteI really like how you listed the differences between the motives of the two countries. It might be helpful to add how the revolutions towards nationalism were achieved for each of the countries to highlight the difference in motives.
DeleteI like your analysis of Italian nationalism and you had a good explanation of the motives that drove Italy's nationalism, however i didn't see you compare it to another country's nationalism during the 19th century.
ReplyDeleteNationalism was a sentiment felt across the European continent that united the people and broke apart empires. Due to nationalism, the Prussian Empire would be broken up into smaller countries with stronger nationalistic thoughts than empirical thoughts. A similar situation would occur with the Ottoman Empire. The people within the empire unite themselves by common language and history, even if it breaks apart the boundaries of the empires in which they reside. Empires in Europe in the 19th century were doomed to break apart because of the nationalistic tendencies of the people that occupied them.
ReplyDeleteStrong and interesting comparison between the Prussian and Ottoman empires, but including specific countries that benefited from this nationalism as well as a couple differences.
DeleteGermany and Italy are both two countries that have really strong nationalism. Together through their language and flag and music they can bond together and be their own supportive country. the unification of Germany and Italy both caused that nationalism. Revolutions cause nationalism because nationalism is caused by people fighting for what they want, and what they want to unify; and create a nation of their own.
ReplyDeleteI was confused as to why you used the present tense. This would have been in the past tense. In addition, you never mentioned actual attributes of their nationalism and what it was fueled by. I think if you were writing an essay, this would be a pretty rough intro paragraph.
DeleteAhh good point! I didn't even realize my tense use so whoops my bad. And yea, i left a lot out definitely. I think to make it stronger I would discuss the Congress of Vienna and the territory that was won and lost and what contributed to the unification of these particular countries.
DeleteIn the nineteenth century, nationalism was the force that swept across the European continent and propelled many nations toward either unification or disintegration. For Italy and Germany, both left divided in the wake of the Congress of Vienna, the sense of nationalism present amongst the separated peoples was precisely what drove them to unification. Both nations boasted peoples that shared a common language and history; the geographic rupturing of such cultures by the Congress of Vienna caused mass discontent and aided in spurring citizens to action. Both nations were also similar in the way that other European countries opposed the consolidation of their various states in fear that the balance of power would be overthrown. Although the two nations shared similar goals, differences exist in the ways that their leaders (Garibaldi, Cavour, and Mazzini for Italy, Bismarck for Germany) executed their plans for unification.
ReplyDeleteGermany and Italy were greatly affected by nationalism. Germany was made up of small states with no real unification.After the Congress of Vienna this area was broken down into 38 states. The development of railroads made transportation of goods and traveling much easier. An easier method of traveling increased unity among Germans instead of common things. The Brothers Grimm’s collection of folktale made parallels between stories and those living in Germany. Than when the Revolutions of 1848 broke out. Countries wanted to overthrow monarchies and estabilish a unified, replubic/democratic state. Eventually Germany was formally recognized as a country.Likewise Italy was unified for a short period of time. Giuseppe Mazzini unified a split Italy into an independent nation however this did not last because of the breakout of war war, and economic problems that divided the classes.
ReplyDeleteThis is a pretty good introductory paragraph with some great examples of the effect that nationalism had on the cultures of Italy and Germany. However, I would suggest adding some more details on the causes of Nationalism in both of these countries, and also you might want to provide a little more detail on the groups of people that nationalism affected most in these countries. Overall, a solid introductory with lots of room to expand on Germany, but you also might want to add a little bit more about nationalism in Italy.
DeleteVarious forms of nationalism impacted European countries to different ends during the 19th century. A prime example of the different forms nationalism took during this time period can be found in the imperial effect of a form of integral nationalism in Great Britain during the 19th century versus the contemporary uniting and reforming effect of risorgimento nationalism in Italy. In Britain, already established as a self-determining world power, nationalism took hold in the form of imperialism, showing the superior character of the British nation through their destiny to control and civilize the world through imperial influence and colonies largely found in Asia and Africa. However, in a divided Italy nationalism took a very different course which through the efforts of Mazzini, the Young Italy movement, and others, the Italian nation utilized their sense of national pride to push off the encroaching control of Austria and other foreign powers and unite their nation as a nation-state. While both movements were based in the same elements of national pride, their very different effects showed the variation in the expression of nationalism during the 19th century.
ReplyDeleteNationalism affected many countries throughout Europe, such as France and Italy, in positive and negative ways. One of the positive ways in which nationalism affected France was seen in the reign of Napoleon. Although a dictator, not necessarily the first type of ruler than comes to mind when thinking of nationalism, he created a sense of pride in France that was mirrored only in the few months following the French Revolution. This nationalism brought a time of prosperity for France that included wealth, territory, and power unlike any other. However, the pride that the country held would also lead to their downfall when Napoleon attempted to conquer Russia and was defeated.
ReplyDeleteSimilarly, Italy was heavily affected by nationalism. The idea of unifying a people who shared the same culture was the driving force behind the Italian Unification movement that eventually brought a number of small, fragmented countries together. The obvious positive effect of nationalism was the strength that came with a newly unified country. But, the country was so new that it had many issues with administration and thus it was never able to gain a substantial amount of power on the global scale.
Nationalism can impact the behavior of a country and what it does. For the French, their nationalism caused a great change in the dynamics of the country and in Europe. They were able to unite and construct a new government and then proceed to conquer most of Europe until the quadruple alliance between Great Britain, Prussia, Austria, and Russia stopped them. While the Germans were able to use their nationalism to construct something out of nothing. Before any attempts at a unified state, the German people belonged to many different nationalities. Once those people united, they managed to create a country from already owned land and created the place for the German people. 2 different nationalistic themes, two different results.
ReplyDeleteWhile nationalism proved to be a unifying force in Germany in the 19th century, while in Hungary it proved to be divisive. The Congress of Vienna placed both Germany and Hungary under foreign rule in 1814. As a part of the German Confederation, the Germany was divided into many different states. Spurred by the Revolution of 1848 in France, German nationalists hoped to unify the German states as a single nation. However, conflicting support of both Kleindeutsche and Grossedeutsche ultimately led to the demise of this movement. In Hungary, the hope was to separate from the Austrian nation and Hapsburg rule. Again, this revolution was ultimately unsuccessful, as the reformists were unable to create a sovereign nation. However, in both countries there was a sense of brotherhood as the revolutionaries attempted to achieve their goals. This was caused by nationalist sentiment resulting from the actions taken by the Congress of Vienna.
ReplyDeleteAmong all European countries during the nineteenth century, nationalism became a very important factor for each country, and their success. Nationalism instilled a sense of unity and power among the people, giving them something to fight towards during the revolutions of 1848. While many revolutions failed, both Italy and Germany were able to unify as a direct result of the Risorgimento nationalism the countries had. The people of Germany had a common goal, language, history, and a strong leader which enabled them to surpass the difficulties the Congress of Vienna presented (dividing Germany into many different states) and unify Germany. Italy wasn’t as divided as Germany, but was very similar to Germany’s unification because it stemmed from the common want of the people and a strong leader.
ReplyDeleteI think your comparison of Germany and Italy is good but maybe explain how this shows nationalism within each of them and how the leaders were able to instill it within the people of their countries.
DeleteAfter the Congress of Vienna in 1815, many small former countries of the Holy Roman Empire were loosely united by the German Confederation. Under the minister-president Bismarck of large and powerful Prussia, Germany was unified and a sense of nationalism began to spread across the country among the middle class liberals. Before long Bismarck began using nationalism to unify all the German states under Prussia. As a result, the new German Empire was highly influenced by the conservative, centralistic style of Prussian governing. This could be seen as having a negative impact on Germany, as the romantic ideals of “Liberty, Equality and Universal Brotherhood” were eradicated and replaced with a type of reactionary nationalism that was bound to end in conflict with other countries. On the positive side, the nationalism did have the effect of increasing unity within Germany. Prussia was the one to end up suffering negative consequences from the nationalism in European states in the end. Prussia began to quickly lose control of the states as a result of increasing Risorgimento Nationalism in Germany. When the German states finally united and revolted against Prussia, the size of Prussia was decreased significantly. Suppressed nations such as Germany greatly benefited from increasing nationalism, while the nations doing the suppressing ultimately experienced the negative effects of nationalism.
ReplyDeleteNationalism was a rapidly spreading force throughout Europe in the 19th century which sought to bring unification within states to become nations. Two states this was very evident in were Germany and Italy. After the Congress of Vienna, both of these countries had no form of unification, but what they did have, was the drive to become unified. Some comparable factors between both of these states were that both were led by very capable leaders and they both had the same amount of income that was financing the unification. Some differences were that Germany had many more states to unify than Italy and Germany already had a very small government right after the Congress of Vienna while Italy did not have any form of Government.
ReplyDeleteTim, you had a pretty good response. However, I think you could have been more specific when it came to the "capable leaders" of the two revolutions. In addition, it would have been better to hera more about how the two revolutions differed. Again, just more specifics.
DeleteNationalism was an idea that was very prevalent in Europe throughout the 19th century. It was most prevalent in France during the very early stages of the century and again in Italy. However, these were two different types of nationalism. In France, under the rule of Napolean, experienced integral nationalism when they moved to attempt to take over Europe. And it was because of this that Italy experienced the type of nationalism that they did. Italy experienced risorgimento nationalism in the unification that they experienced after being split up in the Congress of Vienna. Italy and France experienced different types of nationalism during the 19th century and for vastly different reasons.
ReplyDeleteI really like how you included two types of nationalism but I think you should elaborate a little more.
DeleteI liked how you addressed the contrast between the impact of nationalism on both France and Italy. But what did they have in common? Just give more detail but good job.
DeleteDuring the nineteenth century, nationalism was on the rise and there were two countries that showed this very well. Those countries are Italy and Germany. Both countries were heavily divided by the Congress of Vienna so something needed to happen before the very vulnerable and detached territories were taken by other territories. In both countries was a strong sense of culture that spread to all the small sections. This helped the want to unite into a nation. Speaking the same language helps when trying to unite. In Germany specifically, the nationalistic cause was more accepted because there was a strong government. The only real issue in Germany was strong opposition from religious groups. In Italy, it was not as easy going. The government in Italy was much weaker and this did not prove to the people that Italy could sustain itself as a nation. In addition and probably caused by this weak government, was a financial struggle throughout Italy. The real driving force that motivated this in Italy was Risorgimento Nationalism. Without it, the unification of Italy would have been much more difficult. Nationalism as a whole motivated both unifications while proposing a new concept.
ReplyDeleteThis is a great start to a paper. You could try to be more specific about what the vulnerable and detached terretories were. Maybe if you put in a few examples concerning how language helps. Also if you could say why thte government in Italy was weak it may help.
DeleteThroughout the nineteenth century, nationalism had a great impact on several European countries. Nationalism had a wide range of influence; Depending on the time and the country, nationalism led some to revolution and others to unification. Risorgimento, reform, and integral nationalism greatly affected much of Europe, though two countries that felt this influence in particular were France and Germany. Specifically, France was led to revolution in 1848 largely due to nationalistic sentiment coming from the peasants/ working class. Germany, however, felt the presence and effects of nationalism differently. Later in the century, Germany was unified as a result of nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna had split up the country into many separate regions, Risorgimento nationalism served as a catalyst in unifying the country. Looking at Germany and France side by side exemplifies how despite the similarities in the type of nationalism, it's impact on the country differed greatly. Although nationalism was a driving force in Europe throughout the 19th century, it’s impact differed for many countries, including France and Germany.
ReplyDeleteNationalism was an ever-present force in 19th Century Europe, and had a great affect on a number of countries, including Italy and Germany. Italy was a collection of small states, as was Germany, after falling under Austrian rule following the Congress of Vienna in 1814.
ReplyDeleteThe Italian public seemed to accept their situations and had no general appetite for changing them, but Italian nationalists ensured it would not remain that way. Giuseppe Mazzini introduced a line of thought saying that 'we Italians could, and therefore ought, to struggle for the liberty of our country.' He championed Risorgimento nationalism, a movement that quickly inspired a desire for unity, freedom from foreign control, liberalism, and constitutionalism. The support from the majority of the Italian public steadily accumulated, but was only truly visible during the second half of the century when secret societies emerged and when there was an increase in politics. Risorgimento nationalism was very effective in pushing the Italians to overcome their foreign rulers and unify their states, but was later dissolved in the face of various issues that arose and their inability to effectively deal with them.
The German states were unified under Prussia's Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck. Bismarck wanted to unite the German states against Austria's wishes to weaken the Austrian Empire because he was at war with them. Embracing German nationalism, he used Realpolitik, advertising to the Germans that the goals of the state were superior to all other concerns. By attacking the Catholic church, he demonstrated Kulturkampf and created a common enemy among a large population of the Germanic states. The Zollverein Trade and Tariff Union was implemented to create an interdependency between the Germanic states, and the Brothers Grimm inspired the Germans with fairytales of German culture and social history. All this led to the rise of Risorgimento nationalism that resulted in the Germans unifying their regional states, which also fell shortly after due to a combination of various issues and political inexperience.
Nationalism during th 1800's affected both Germany and Italy. Both of these movements were forms of Risorgimento nationalism and both were largely territorial movements. Both Germany and Italy wanted to become united as one country as opposed to being a number of smaller city-states or territories. However, they were slightly different. The German movement was largely driven by the heritage of the German citizens. Their common heritage united them and their movement. The Italian unification on the other hand was driven largely by social and idealistic factors. Another force that played a role in the Italian unification was their common oppresor, Austria. This was a rallying point for the movement. All in all though, both nationalistic movements had a large impact on their countries and contributed immensely to the revolutions to come.
ReplyDeleteI like where you're going with this Cullen, I wrote about something similar but I liked to see which side you took on it. I think this has great potential to be a good DBQ.
DeleteNationalism had a very profound impact on Europe during the nineteenth century. These effects were especially prominent in Italy and Germany. Both countries were divided by the Congress of Vienna in 1814. Germany was placed under control of foreign powers to form a German Confederation. However, the German people actually wanted to unite to form a single, independent state with liberal democracy and popular sovereignty. Because of the other revolutions that were taking place in 1848, the German liberal nationalists began their own revolution against absolutist rule. The movement was also enforced by literary and other artistic figures, such as Fitche. He wrote and depicted much of German culture and tradition in order to help the citizens gain national identity. The movement was ultimately successful. After Italy had been divided by the Congress of Vienna, the many regions because to establish their own regional nationalist forces. This actually made it more difficult to unify Italy. However, Giuseppe Mazzini sought to lead nationalist parties in order to unify a divided Italy into an independent nation. To do this, he promoted Risorgimento nationalism among the people of Italy. Mazzini achieved his goal of unifying Italy, although it was soon dissolved because of international political tension, economic problems, and war.
ReplyDeleteThroughout the nineteenth century, nationalism was a very common feeling surging through Europe. This feeling of nationalism caused many countries to revolt against their governments. The effects of nationalism can be best seen in the revolutions that came out of Germany and Italy. In Germany, the people had feelings of risorgimento nationalism, meaning they had a desire for a homeland. Germany was split up into the German Confederation after the Congress of Vienna leading to their want of being united and one nation with one land. This is similar to the Italian revolution. After the Congress of Vienna, Italy was split up with different governments and was not united. They also felt risorgimento nationalism and were ultimately sucessful in their revolution thanks so very effective leaders. The difference between the revolutions from these countries is that Italy used their culture and the wants of the society to unify the country. However, Germany tried to unite the people through means of production so that they could come together and feel their sense of unity.
ReplyDeleteMarissa, I thought you did a nice job. You included both aspects of the question, with comparing and contrasting which most people didn't. It would nice if you had just included a little bit more detail.
DeleteIn 19th century Europe, Italy and Germany were two countries who seemed to be greatly impacted by nationalism. The congress of Vienna was very destructive to Italy, because after the division of land and territory, Italy was left very much broken up. Nationalistic ideals and thoughts were very important here when trying to maintain the nationalistic spirit. The general feeling of separation made nationalistic feelings very strong among the people of Italy, because they were concerned with their torn nation, and needed to maintain a constructive outlook on the country after the congress of Vienna. In Germany, nationalistic ideals were also very popular because of the romantic era they were going through. Many new thoughts/feelings/and information was emerging that challenged many of the old views of people in Germany and all over the world. This caused for a very nationalistic sense among many of the traditionalist people in Germany, as well as those that were moving together to make further the romantic ideas. The German people were decided on trying to become on independent united nation which therefore obviously required a growing sense of nationalism among the country as a whole.
ReplyDeleteNationalism had a huge effect on Europe during the 19th century. But in particular, it effected Germany and Italy. These countries had strong fights for unification after the Congress of Vienna which divided their countries into many small states. This fight for unification is shown in the Revolutions of 1848. Italy even established their own regional nationalist forces. Although the countries were broken up into many different states, they all had the same culture and spoke the same language. This need for unification was desperate however, because the Revolutions of 1848 failed due to lack of organization. Nationalism was very strong driving force during the 19th century and Germany and Italy bother were very affected by it. Unfortunantely, the Revolutions brought them no success.
ReplyDeleteI wouldn't say that nationalism effected Germany and Italy in particular, just that it had similar effects on the future development of both countries.
DeleteItaly and Germany were two countries both greatly affected by nationalism in the nineteenth century. They were both originally composed of many different states, but each country's citizen had connections with language and culture that brought those states together. Germany was united by the Kingdom of Prussia while Italy was united by the Kingdom of Sardinia. The nationalism gained from uniting aided corporation from the people of these countries when they went to war soon after gaining independence. Italy went to war against Austria soon after uniting, and Germany fought France and Austria sometime after that. Nationalism also helped both of these countries to become industrialized by the latter nineteenth century. The major difference in the nationalism after unification is that Italy had more difficulty maintaining their nationalism. Their weak government was a crucial factor in this. Germany on the other hand, had a strong government that ensured lasting nationalism.
ReplyDeleteMegan, this is very good and gives a very thorough explanation of how the two countries are very similar and I like that you incorporated differences and similarities from after they both became countries. It might be good to include some differences in how they became united as countries just to add another level of detail. Otherwise this is very detailed and well written.
DeleteNationalism in the nineteenth century attributed to the large number of revolutions and political upheavals of the time. However, no two countries had the same sense of nationalism as demonstrated by France and Italy. France cannot be ignored in its sense of integral nationalism and was spurred forward after the French Revolution into the 19th century with a sense of establishing itself as one of the new major powers in Europe. In France, its nationalism consisted of a large pride in the country and, for the most part, pride in its accomplishments of the previous century. With this newfound love, France sought to expand under Napoleon creating one of the largest empires of the modern era. Italy on the other hand found itself with a very different kind of nationalism. Although after its final unification in the 1870, the Italians found their own pride in the country, the Italian Unification was spurred by Risorgimento nationalism. The Sicilians and the Piedmonts and the Milanese among others all found themselves with a nationalistic sense of unfairness and wishful thinking of how to end the oppression. These two different and yet similar types of nationalism in France and Italy led to different consequences and advantages in the 19th century.
ReplyDeleteGood breakdown of the differences. Not too much to add here. Maybe go more in depth about why France had integral nationalism, and Italy only had risorgimento nationalism.
DeleteNationalism impacted all of Europe in the nineteenth century but Germany and Italy can signify this change in particular. The two had many similarities in forming new individual nations based on many aspects. One of the most important facets to recognize is the culture and language as a link to unite a populous. Scholars like Herder and Fichte were very influential and spread their word in Germany to achieve a tightly knit nation. They preached that there should be one united language and culture and essentially the same type of people throughout. This would mean excluding foreign influences that would jeopardize the success of the nation.
ReplyDeleteItaly also took a very similar path in the unification of the nation. Italy was divided into many subregions and had to come together as one. Similar to Germany, they took a Risorgimento nationalism approach to unite the nation. This allowed them to come together as one with a common goal.
I like how it starts off and it could be improved by stating differences between the two countries.
DeleteEmily Bell -- original post
ReplyDeleteDuring the 19th century, nationalism became a prevalent factor among European regions. In both Germany and Italy, risorgimento nationalism sculpted the two regions into more prominent countries. In the unification of Italy, the people came together to form a single country; Italy. Although the people of Italy had to overcome their broken state, brought about by the Congress of Vienna, risorgimento nationalism was the motivation needed to put themselves back together; stronger than even before the Congress of Vienna. Without a sense nationalism, German Unification would not have been possible. The bonds formed among the people of Germany were due to their similarities within the region. Their language, culture, and aspirations for a unified Germany allowed for the political changes that came with the nationalistic sense.
Nationalism affected many European countries during the 19th century. Germany was affected by nationalism in the ways that it helped spread German literature and language. However, German nationalism has faced many difficulties in promoting a united German identity. Italy was affected by nationalism in the ways that it asserted that Italians are a nation and it promoted Italian culture. However, Italian nationalism has faced many difficulties within Italy. Many factors have challenged the unification of Italy. Both nations have their own pros and cons of nationalism affecting them.
ReplyDeleteI like it, however you could expand on how Italy and Germany united in other ways such as religion, and how nationalism solved problems such as "small Germany or Big Germany?". But besides adding a little more detail and example, you have very good ideas.
DeleteDuring the nineteenth century, nationalism impacted Italy and Germany significantly due mainly to the results of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna left both countries in several pieces that were then distributed to other surrounding European countries and left to develop their own nationalistic values. Despite this, both countries aimed for and eventually achieved unification through strong leadership and accomplished their goal of becoming unified through common language and celebrated cultural values. However, both countries struggled to maintain the effectiveness of original vigor that nationalism provided during unification. The Germans struggled to in bringing together Catholics and Protestants but were able to maintain a stronger sense of nationalism throughout the country over time due to their superior leadership. Italy, on the other hand, struggled to unite its northern and southern regions as the weak government failed to withhold the nationalistic mentality due to religious and economic turmoil.
ReplyDeleteIn what ways did Italy fail because of religious and economic turmoil? What events resulted in this?
DeleteNationalism was very prevelant throughout all of 19th century Europe. It was most noticable in Italy and Germany. Because the Congress of vienna left Italy very disconnected, and different parts belonged to different countries, Italy began creating a sense of Risorgimento Nationalism. The Italian people still knew that even though they were disconnected, they would still always be "Italian", thus giving them a nationalistic feel. Nationalism was also very prevelant in 19th century Germany. Germany created the same sense of Risorgimento nationism due to the fact that they were also very discombobulated. Risorgimento Nationalism was the driving force for not only Italian Unification, but also German Unification in 19th century Europe.
ReplyDeleteHi Shelby!
DeleteIn what ways was Italy left disconnected after the Congress of Vienna?
Are there any specific details of how Italians felt nationalism?
What were certain aspects of Germany's discombobulation?
How was nationalism spread throughout Germany?
I like how you included the type of nationalism and general similarities but specifically what ways were they similar?
DeleteNationalism was one of the most important themes throughout Europe in the 19th century, especially in Poland and in Germany. In Poland, nationalism was important in the January Uprising and throughout the fight to establish their own state. In Germany, the goal was the same, to establish an independent and united state; however, they fought the Austrian empire to unite the Germanic people, where the Poles fought for their independence. Both, however, were motivated by Risorgimento Nationalism, which is seeking to establish a state.
ReplyDeleteI think your comment is good, Rhodes. I would consider fleshing out other reasons and effects of nationalism on Poland and Germany, that way there is more to compare. Perhaps you could talk about the source of ideals and such.
DeleteNationalism was a very influential force that swept through 19th century Europe. It was the main cause for the revolutions of 1848, and it caused many countries in Europe to become much more independent and self-reliant. An obvious example of the influence of nationalism can be seen in mid 19th century Germany and France. Nationalism in Germany was mainly a reaction to the Napoleonic Wars that raged across Europe in the early part of the 1800s. Nationalism caused the liberal nationalist revolutions that occurred in several of the German states in the late 1840's. Nationalism resulted in an all-German parliament being created in may 1848, and greatly influenced the lives of the working class of Germany. However, nationalism also caused a lot of strife and political dissatisfaction in Germany, which were the main causes for the Revolution of 1848. Nationalism in France was mainly a reaction to dissatisfaction with the monarchial power that ruled France after the French Revolution of the 18th century. Napoleon took charge of France, and created a strong nationalist sentiment by encouraging the people in France to take pride in their culture and also to take pride in their accomplishments in the past century. However, while nationalism did create a strong sense of pride within the French people, it also led to their supporting Napoleon in his campaign to dominate the rest of Europe. While Napoleon's campaign was very beneficial to France while it was going on, in the long run, it caused France to lose much of the influence that it had in Europe in the early 19th century. Nationalism in France also provoked the reaction of the rest of Europe in the Congress of Vienna, where the Bourbon monarchy was re-installed in France and their influence on the rest of the European continent became much more limited because of Napoleon's conquests.
ReplyDeleteThis is a very good thought. I think you connected the events that happened very well. Nice work. Very specific.
DeleteWORD. Thanks for the help Chez.
DeleteNationalism was the main reason for the unification of both Italy and Germany. The Congress of Vienna had left these two countries broken up. The two of these countries, however, shared all of the things that a “nation” needs in order to be successful. Language, culture and history. Risorgimento Nationalism helped create a desire throughout the people to unite and work together as each respective country. Nationalism saved these two countries after the Congress of Vienna left them in shambles.
ReplyDeleteYou could provide more information (specific examples) on how Risorgimento Nationalism created the desire for unification in order to create a clear outline for the rest of this essay.
DeleteWhat did the Congress of Vienna so specifically to leave Italy and Germany in shambles?
To what extent is language apart of culture?
I like the set up of your response but what were the contrasts between the 2 countries regarding nationalism?
DeleteThe 19th century Europe was impacted greatly by spreading nationalism, after the results of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna in 1814 left both Italy and Germany in several pieces when they were distributed to other surrounding European countries. It left both Italy and Germany to develop their own values in terms of nationalism, to bring their countries back together. Germany and Italy were both originally composed of many different states, but they shared the connection of culture, history and language, which brought a sense of unity. In Germany and Italy the people had a sense of Risorgimento nationalism to gain territory to become one country again instead of smaller territories. The unification was brought about through the strong sense of nationalism. Even though Germany struggled with their religious conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants, and Italy struggled with its weak government from economic problems, the strong sense of leadership helped maintain this goal of nationalism.
ReplyDeleteI like what you said, but you should include a type of nationalism that wasn't risorgimento apparent in the 19th century.
DeleteNationalism was a huge impact in both Italy and Germany during the nineteenth century because of their eventual unifications after the Congress of Vienna. Both countries desired the unification of their country and needed nationalism to achieve it. Without the strong nationalism in Germany, the question between grossedeutsche and kleindeutsche would have never been considered. And it was nationalistic vies that settled the dispute anyway. And because of nationalistic views, Germany was able to unite protestant and catholic religions and Italy ws able to unite the southern provinces .
ReplyDeleteWhat did Italy do specifically to unite the nation? And how does it relate to what happened in Germany?
DeleteWhat happened in breif with the Italian unification was basically 2 guys (I can't recall their names) conquering different parts of Italy. One of them started in the boot of Italy and the other from the north side. Then they met to unify Italy. This relates to German unification because it is similar to the unification of northern and southeern provinces of Germany.
DeleteWhat happened in breif with the Italian unification was basically 2 guys (I can't recall their names) conquering different parts of Italy. One of them started in the boot of Italy and the other from the north side. Then they met to unify Italy. This relates to German unification because it is similar to the unification of northern and southeern provinces of Germany.
DeleteRisorgimento nationalism is extremely apparent when talking about 19th century Europe. After the congress of Vienna, Italy and Germany were broken into numerous pieces. Because both countries had their own cultures and languages, they eventually combined what was once theirs to become one large united country. It is the sense of nationalism that brought the people to do this which is why nationalism is so relevant when talking about 19th century Europe.
ReplyDeleteTyler, I think you have a good introduction to an essay about this topic, but I think that your argument could be a little more apparent in your intro. I think your intro paragraph gives a good summary of the role of nationalism in Europe during this century, but like I said above, argue a certain point.
DeleteReal copy-
ReplyDeleteNationalism in extremely apparent in 19th century Europe being most prevalent in Italy and Germany. Both countries where broken into numerous pieces after the Congress of Vienna in 1814 and had to use nationalism to rebuild. In both countries, the people gained a sense of unity in knowing that their cultures and languages where shared by nearby territories. Each country had to battle a problem to establish reform. In Germany, they had to struggle through the fact that both Catholics and Protestants where present and in Italy they had to battle an economic downfall which made it hard to bring the northern and southern regions together. Both countries eventually reformed due to the peoples sense of nationalism.
Nationalism can be seen as both a driving force for revolution and independence, and the influential factor in anarchy and revolt. In Greece, Risorgimiento nationalism was strong. Uniting as one singular group, the Greeks were able to reform their ancient bonds and overthrow their government, starting one of their own. However, for the Ottoman Empire, nationalism had the opposite effect. Nationalism can be seen as the cause of the decline of the Ottoman Empire; as each state began to feel the forces of risorgimiento nationalism, they began to fight for their right to be free, further weakening the empire. While nationalism had similar positive effects on the Ottoman Empire as Greece, such as the desire to make improvements such as increased education and government reforms, the Ottoman empire was definitely more hurt by the waves of nationalism than other groups. While both groups felt some benefits from nationalism, ultimately nationalism hurt the Ottomans but had more benefits for the Greeks.
ReplyDeleteLookin good Meredith. I like this idea and it's a really well developed paragraph. I definitely think you could create an IB worthy DBQ from this.
DeleteNationalism was a string driving force in many European countries during the nineteenth century. It was especially apparent in Germany and Italy. In Germany, nationalism came on strong, following the example of the French. Many German states bonded through a shared experience of being under French dominance and through this, German nationalism was born. People began to have a common cause. They wanted the French out. This led to an invasion of Russia which helped to loosen the French's grip on Germany. People were not only speaking a common language but they were fighting for the same thing, giving them a huge sense of nationalism. In Italy, much like in Germany, nationalism began to form under the sway of Napoleon. But as Napoleon's regime began to blunder, the monarch he had installed in Italy began to feed the nationalist cravings of the Italian people to keep them calm. The Austrian Empire was entirely against Italian nationalism, making them even hungrier for it. It began to appear in art and literature. It was everywhere, the common sense of language and people was the driving force of Italian Unification.
ReplyDeleteAfter the projects we did in January, I think that the two easiest countries to compare are Germany and Italy, simply because of their actions toward unification in this century. Germany was developed to be the German Empire because of Prussia’s ideals about creating states that only spoke German and were most like Germany in a cultural sense. Italy however, was divided into states before multiple wars, which lead to a united Italy. The aspects of language and culture are emphasized in both Germany and Italy because of the importance of these things in becoming a nationalistic country. Everyday life is facilitated in both of these countries because it is easy to relate to someone who speaks the same language as you and lives the same lifestyle. As a country, I think it is important to have these aspects set in stone before going to other aspects like military, which is why these two countries did that, so they could move on to Risorgimento nationalism.
ReplyDeleteHi Josh, what were the German cultural ideals?
DeleteMaybe you could add a thesis in the first sentence to structure the paragraph more!
I am not sure if using first person is appropriate in this case...
Good job on everything else, though! :)
Although nationalism impacted all countries in Europe after the congress of vienna, Italy and Germany in particular were affected the most. Both Italy and Germany exisisted as several states, but they shared a language, culture, and historical connection. Because of this unity the people of Germany and Italy wanted to become one country to gain land and unity. Risorgimento Nationalism brought the unification of Italy and Germany even with different views on religons(Germany)and economic problems(Italy).
ReplyDeleteHi Mike. This is good, but it's a tad short. I would definitely include differences to get more marks. Good job though.
DeleteDuring the 19th century, Nationalism was a powerful force, influencing countries such as Germany and Italy to unite. After the Congress of Vienna of 1814, both Italy and Germany were broken up in several states. Germany and Italy had the choice to move on as small counties, but instead both countries used nationalism to unify again. Although they were separated, the small states of Germany and Italy shared a similar history, culture, and language. This further motivated them to unify. Both countries had a sense of Risorgimento nationalism, which meant they wanted to gain more territory to become one country. Although Germany struggled with its religious conflicts between the Protestants and Catholics, and Italy struggled with a weak government and economy, nationalism was what motivated them and brought them together.
ReplyDeleteIn the unification of Italy and Germany, their main goal was to unite their dismembered country. Therefore nationalism is a key role in this. After the Congress of Vienna in 1814 both countries were in pieces. Each countries main goal was to reunite their country as a whole and instill nationalism across it. In Italy Giuseppe Mazzini, "the spirit of the Carbonari," was very fond of uniting Italy. He conducted a series of revolutions to do this. In Germany Metternich, the prince of Austria did not want Germany to unite. After many wars in each country, both countries ended up being united. Although they were successful in uniting, it would take Italy a long time before recovering from the economic and political issues. Yet in Germany there was still a struggle amongst the people about becoming a nation.
ReplyDeleteEmily I like your paragraph, it concluded very well how Italy and Germany had differences, you showed very well how Italy became united. You should probably include some more information about how Germany was united and contrast it to Italy, good job.
DeleteWhen viewing nationalism in the context of the nineteenth century, it is difficult to point out any other countries than Germany and Italy. Both were heavily influenced by nationalism in that, it was what shaped both of the countries and allowed for true nations to be formed. Italy at the time was split up into many different regions but was able to forma nation state due to the fact that the principle leaders of each region were all advocates for the same sort of political and social conditions and all had the same cultural background to create a nation. In Germany however, there were conflicts between having a grosse deutsch or a kleine deutsch about whether or not it was wise to be more powerful and less connected or smaller with more shared culture. It was not as much of an unintended meeting and consequent unity of political leaders but more of a tactical decision made by the leaders in the German states. Still, the ideas were similar to the ones in Italy that it would be more advantageous to bond together and become a powerful connected nation. Overall, the unifications of these two countries came from the same form of nationalism but were carried out through slightly different objectives.
ReplyDeleteNationalism in Germany became a popular concept during the 19th century mainly because it wasn't very progressive or changed from the traditional views of the German people. Their nationalism had all of the strong, necessary roots; a common language and similar political beliefs, which is why the unification was so successful.They had a very romantic view of their country and for its people. This was not true for the Ottoman Empire; where Germany united as one mass, the Ottoman Empire united in states. Each state had their own opinions and views on what was best for either the country or the independence of particular states, so much that they started fighting among themselves. Eventually, this nationalism tore the empire apart.
ReplyDeleteNationalism is described as putting your nation before other, having loyalty and pride in your nation. In the 19th century, a wave of romantic nationalism took over Europe, transforming the countries of the continent. New countries such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting smaller states with a common national identity. The economic uncertainty caused nationalism. Nationalism did unify Germany but, to a point where they decided that all of Europe was German and therefore uniting the country as Germany. Italy did not get divided as much as Germany did; Italy was influenced by the career of Napoleon. Due to the Congress of Vienna, Italy was divided into petty states with restored legitimate rulers. Also Austria helped with the German and Italian Unification, but as nationalism gathered more and more momentum, Germans lost hope in Austria, creating Prussia for leadership in the unification movement.
ReplyDeleteNationalism in the 19th Century became very big in Italy and Germany because it brought the citizens of the countries closer together and it did not call for much change in these countries. This nationalism began to start revolutions and caused minor revolts due to the idea of unification. Similarities of nationalism in these countries include: a common culture, they had many different states, and promoted unification. When trying to get unification, both Cavour (Italy) and Bismarck (Germany) used diplomacy with war, but Cavour relied on it much more than Bismarck. Differences include: in Italy, there was the creation of a unitary state, and in Germany, all the states were left in existence, which was a big difference in the specifics of their nationalism.
ReplyDeleteYour thoughts on nationalism are correct and such, however you are a bit broad in your critique. I think if you tightened up your information you would make a stronger argument.
DeleteI'll definitely do that next time. Thanks for the advice!
DeleteCompare and contrast the impact of nationalism on any two European countries in the nineteenth century?
ReplyDeleteNationalism in France and Germany was similar and different in the nineteenth century. Moving away from the Congress of Vienna, both of the countries were effected. France was, of course, forced to surrender. This made them move toward a nationalist movement. They needed to be more together moving through the middle and the end of the 19th century. They looked at a reform nationalism approach where they reformed their existing common beliefs. Germany worked on nationalism as well, but moved toward integral nationalism.
Since the Congress of Vienna gave them new territory, they had to redefine what it meant to be German.
The impact of nationalism varied greatly between the various European nations where it became a powerful force. Two nations that showed vastly different manifestations of nationalism were France and Germany. French nationalism led to a series of military campaigns seeking to conquer the continent and spread French culture to all corners of Europe, rather than the variety of nationalism seen in Germany, where several fragmented states united because of similarities in culture, language, and other areas. These two expressions of nationalism exhibit how a nation could choose to either turn their new ideas into a motive to expand or an incentive to unite to become stronger.
ReplyDeleteI would suggest that you make sure that you answer the question completely, as the question asks for both contrast and comparison. You mainly highlight the differences, but it is important that you cover the similarities as well, as both will be taken into consideration when you receive marks. Also, maybe adding some more specific facts and such would add strength and credibility to what you're saying; such as what in the German Revolution shows the ways Risorgimento nationalism affected them and in France how the nationalism developed and affected the course of what happened.
DeleteThe impact of nationalism has had very different effects on the different areas of Europe as the 19th century progressed. This is due to the different facets of different types of nationalism. In Great Britain's actions in China, we see an example of Integral nationalism where the people of England have a genuine belief that their way of life is superior and they have the right to spread it and increase their own power. They extend arms of huge amounts of influence over China in the Opium Wars and in Africa as they colonize and these are seen as positive actions in England because they are bringing civilization and modernity and a stronger economy to these civilized people. This is contrasted by Italy as they unify. Here we see Risorgimento Nationalism, or the creation of a nation in order to free themselves from oppression. There is a large difference in the creation of a nationalistic sentiment and the thought that one nation is privileged to be greater than others. But in these we also see the similarities of how the people of similar cultures join together to become stronger.
ReplyDeleteThis is an interesting comparison of two examples of the different varieties of nationalism, and the ideas are presented in an organized fashion. Some of the wording could be cleaned up a bit to make the thesis somewhat clearer, but the ideas present a solid foundation for an essay.
DeleteNationalism: strong identification of a group or nation
ReplyDeleteIn the nineteenth century, Germany and Italy displayed a strong sense of nationalism during each of their unification periods. One nation was created within these countries due to the allowance of nationalism. In Germany, there were conflicts between grosse deutsch vs. kleine deutsch ideals and whether it was better to be powerful, without close connections or less powerful with many ties of ideals such as culture and language. In the nineteenth century, Italy was split into various regions that accepted the unification because of how the leaders agreed on key concepts such as social and economic conditions as well as the similar culture, which allowed for nationalism to unify the country. The idea that the tighter the bond within a country, the more powerful a country would be was present within Germany and Italy in the nineteenth century.
Mallory, I liked the fact that you incorporated the meaning of nationalism into your paragraph, it basically states what the essay is about. Your ideas were cohesive and you gave examples of how the countries had their set-backs yet they were successful.
DeleteNationalism in the nineteenth century was the driving force behind the unification of both Germany and Italy. In Germany nationalism was able to resolve the conflict between those who had grosse deutsch ideals and those who had kleine deutsch ideals with the notion that a country is stronger when the cultural ties and support for the nation are higher. In Italy, many individual regions were united because a unification campaign that was launched and ended with Victor Emmanuel II as the king of Italy. It was successful because unity of culture and was promoted and because the leaders of the campaign were able to come to a consensus about economic and political issues. Both German and Italian unification were driven by a sense of unity about culture and language caused by an increase in nationalism.
ReplyDeleteCORI REID'S POST:
ReplyDeleteCompare and contrast the impact of nationalism on any two European countries in the nineteenth century?
Nationalism is an inspiring courage that binds populations of countries together thanks to an event, leader, a shared history, a shared experience/race, social status, or a geographical location. Nationalism in France was very different than the nationalistic happenings in Germany throughout the 19th century. For instance in France the social classes each had their own ideals of nationalism and what their country should be like causing many different revolutions. Whereas in Germany Otto Von Bismark managed to unite the country as a whole rather than just keeping their separate parts.