Paper 3 (May 2009)
1. In what ways, and to what extent, was the French Revolution responsible for the rise of Napoleon I?
3. Assess the positive and negative contributions of the following to Italian unification: separatism, republicanism, foreign involvement.
4. Why was Germany unified by Prussia and not Austria?
9. "What happened in Russian during the reign of Alexander II (1855-1881) was more of a revolution than many that went by the name elsewhere." To what extent do you agree with the assertion that Alexander II's policies were revolutionary?
10. Analyse the causes of the 1917 February/ March Russian Revolution
11. Why did the First World War break out in 1914?
16. Compare and contrast the repressive policies of Hitler and Stalin.
16. Evaluate the impact of Mussolini's domestic and foreign policies on Italy between 1922 and 1939.
17. With reference to the Second World War in Europe, explain the features and effects of "total war."
17. "A natural development of the Second World War." To what extent does this assertion explain the causes of the Cold War?
24. In what ways, and to what extent, was Gorbachev responsible for the break up of the USSR?